Spectral immunofluorescent imaging allows you to combine up to 15 markers, stained and imaged at the same time, through a combination of fluorophores with similar excitation wavelengths but distinct emission wavelengths. We use this multiplex imaging to investigate the heterogeneity of macrophages in their tissue micro-environment. Several possible applications have been described in Goossens et al., Cell Metabolism 2022, while a step-by-step protocol can be found in Wieland et al., STAR Protocols 2023 (see below).
Try it yourself: Combine different markers in this 9-plex stained image of a murine atherosclerotic plaque:
Some examples of multiplex spectral immunofluorescent stainings in tissue sections from different organs:
Atherosclerotic plaque
Lung fibrosis
Spleen
Lymph node
Placenta
Colon
Retina
Liver
Pieter Goossens, Chang Lu, Jianhua Cao, Marion J Gijbels, Joël MH Karel, Erwin Wijnands, Britt SR Claes, Gregorio E Fazzi, Tim FE Hendriks, Kristiaan Wouters, Evgueni Smirnov, Marc JM van Zandvoort, Benjamin Balluff, Eva Cuypers, Marjo MPC Donners, Ron MA Heeren, Erik AL Biessen
Cell metabolism 2022
Cover design by Valeria Saar
Elias B Wieland, Laura JAP Kempen, Chang Lu, Marjo MPC Donners, Erik AL Biessen, Pieter Goossens
STAR protocols 2023